More Examples

Any user of Webbpsf is invited to submit snippets of example code for sharing here.

This code is also available as a Jupyter notebook. This version of the page is kept for convenience but may be slightly out of date in a few places.

Examples are organized by topic:

The notebook version of this page includes a fourth section providing examples of all the major SI modes for each of the JWST instruments.

Typical Usage Cases

Displaying a PSF as an image and as an encircled energy plot

#create a NIRCam instance and calculate a PSF for F210M
nircam = webbpsf.NIRCam()
nircam.filter = 'F210M'
psf210 = nircam.calc_psf(oversample=2)

# display the PSF and plot the encircled energy
plt.subplot(1,2,1)
webbpsf.display_psf(psf210, colorbar_orientation='horizontal')
axis2 = plt.subplot(1,2,2)
webbpsf.display_ee(psf210, ax=axis2)

psf210.writeto('nircam_F210M.fits')
plt.savefig('plot_nircam_f210m.pdf')
Sample PSF image

Iterating over multiple OPDs and filters

Perhaps you want to calculate PSFs for all filters of a given instrument, using all 10 available simulated OPDs:

def niriss_psfs():
    niriss = webbpsf.NIRISS()

    opdname = niriss.pupilopd

    for i in range(10):
        niriss.pupilopd = (opdname,i)
        for filtname in niriss.filter_list:
            niriss.filter=filtname
            fov=18
            outname = "PSF_NIRISS_%scen_wfe%d.fits" % (filtname, i)
            psf = niriss.calc_psf(outname, nlambda=1, oversample=4, fov_arcsec=fov, display=True)

Create monochromatic PSFs across an instrument’s entire wavelength range

Monochromatic PSFs with steps of 0.1 micron from 5-28.3 micron.

m = webbpsf.MIRI()
m.pupilopd = 'OPD_RevW_ote_for_MIRI_requirements.fits.gz'       # select an OPD
                                            # looks inside $WEBBPSF_DATA/MIRI/OPD by default
                                             # or you can specify a full path name.
m.options['parity'] = 'odd'                 # please make an output PSF with its center
                                             # aligned to the center of a single pixel

waves = np.linspace(5.0, 28.3, 234)*1e-6     # iterate over wavelengths in meters
#waves = np.linspace(5.0, 28.3, 20)*1e-6     # iterate over wavelengths in meters

for iw, wavelength in enumerate(waves):
    psffile = 'psf_MIRI_mono_%.1fum_opd1.fits' % (wavelength*1e6)
    psf = m.calc_psf(fov_arcsec=30, oversample=4, monochromatic=wavelength, display=False,
               outfile=psffile)
    ax = plt.subplot(16,16,iw+1)
    webbpsf.display_psf(psffile, ext='DET_SAMP', colorbar=False, imagecrop=8)
    ax.set_title('')
    ax.xaxis.set_visible(False)
    ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)
    ax.text(-3.5, 0, '{0:.1f}'.format(wavelength*1e6))

Click to enlarge:

Sample PSF image

Spectroscopic PSFs, Slit and Slitless

Note that WebbPSF does not yet compute dispersed spectroscopic PSFs, but you can compute monochromatic PSFs and combine them yourself with an appropriate dispersion model.

NIRSpec fixed slits

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 12))
nspec = webbpsf.NIRSpec()
nspec.image_mask = 'S200A1' # 0.2 arcsec slit

psfs = {}
for wave in [0.6e-6, 1e-6, 2e-6, 3e-6]:
    psfs[wave] = nspec.calc_psf(monochromatic=wave, oversample=4)

for i, wave in enumerate([0.6e-6, 1e-6, 2e-6, 3e-6]):
    plt.subplot(1, 4, i+1)
    webbpsf.display_psf(psfs[wave], colorbar=False, imagecrop=2, title='NIRSpec S200A1 at {0:.1f} $\mu m$'.format(wave*1e6))
plt.savefig('example_nirspec_slitpsf.png')
Sample PSF image

NIRSpec MSA

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 12))
ns = webbpsf.NIRSpec()
ns.image_mask='MSA all open'
ns.display()
plt.savefig('example_nirspec_msa_optics.png')
msapsf = ns.calc_psf(monochromatic=2e-6, oversample=8)
webbpsf.display_psf(msapsf, ext='DET_SAMP')
Sample optical system display Sample PSF image

MIRI LRS

miri = webbpsf.MIRI()
miri.image_mask = 'LRS slit'
miri.pupil_mask = 'P750L'
psf = miri.calc_psf(monochromatic=6.0e-6, display=True)
Sample PSF image

Coronagraphy and Complications

NIRCam coronagraphy with an offset source

nc = webbpsf.NIRCam()
nc.filter='F430M'
nc.image_mask='MASK430R'
nc.pupil_mask='CIRCLYOT'
nc.options['source_offset_r'] = 0.20       # source is 200 mas from center of coronagraph
                                           # (note that this is MUCH larger than expected acq
                                           # offsets. This size displacement is just for show)
nc.options['source_offset_theta'] = 45     # at a position angle of 45 deg
nc.calc_psf('coronagraphic.fits', oversample=4)   # create highly oversampled output image


plt.figure(figsize=(12,4))
plt.subplot(1,2,1)
webbpsf.display_psf('coronagraphic.fits', vmin=1e-10, vmax=1e-5,
    ext='OVERSAMP', title='NIRCam F430M+MASK430R, 4x oversampled', crosshairs=True)
plt.subplot(1,2,2)
webbpsf.display_psf('coronagraphic.fits', vmin=1e-10, vmax=1e-5,
    ext='DET_SAMP', title='NIRCam F430M+MASK430R, detector oversampled', crosshairs=True)

plt.savefig('example_nircam_coron_resampling.png')
Sample PSF image

Simulate NIRCam coronagraphic acquisition images

def compute_psfs():
    nc = webbpsf.NIRCam()

    # acq filter, occulting mask, lyot, coords of acq ND square
    sets = [('F182M', 'MASKSWB', 'WEDGELYOT', -10,  7.5),
            ('F182M', 'MASK210R', 'CIRCLYOT', -7.5, 7.5),
            ('F335M', 'MASKLWB', 'WEDGELYOT',  7.5, 7.5),
            ('F335M', 'MASK335R', 'CIRCLYOT', -10,  7.5)]

    nlambda = 9
    oversample = 2

    calc_oversample=4

    fov_arcsec = 25

    for param in sets:
        nc.filter = param[0]
        nc.image_mask = param[1]
        nc.pupil_mask = param[2]
        source_offset_x = param[3]
        source_offset_y = param[4]


        source_offset_r = np.sqrt(source_offset_x**2+ source_offset_y**2)
        source_offset_theta = np.arctan2(source_offset_x, source_offset_y)*180/np.pi
        nc.options['source_offset_r'] = source_offset_r
        nc.options['source_offset_theta'] = source_offset_theta


        filename = "PSF_NIRCam_%s_%s_%s_offset.fits" % (param[0], param[1], param[2])
        result = nc.calc_psf(nlambda=nlambda,
            oversample=oversample, calc_oversample=calc_oversample,
            fov_arcsec=fov_arcsec, outfile=filename, display=False)

Iterate a calculation over all MIRI coronagraphic modes

def miri_psfs_coron():
    miri = webbpsf.MIRI()

    for filtwave in [1065, 1140, 1550, 2300]:

        miri.filter='F%4dC' % filtwave
        if filtwave<2000:
            miri.image_mask='FQPM%4d' % filtwave
            miri.pupil_mask='MASKFQPM'
            fov=24
        else:
            miri.image_mask='LYOT2300'
            miri.pupil_mask='MASKLYOT'
            fov=30


        offset_x = 0.007 # arcsec
        offset_y = 0.007 # arcsec

        miri.options['source_offset_r'] = np.sqrt(offset_x**2+offset_y**2) # offset in arcsec
        miri.options['source_offset_theta'] = np.arctan2(-offset_x, offset_y)*180/np.pi # PA in deg


        outname = "PSF_MIRI_%s_x%+05.3f_y%+05.3f.fits" % (miri.image_mask, offset_x, offset_y)
        psf = miri.calc_psf(outname, oversample=4, fov_arcsec=fov, display=True)

Make plots of encircled energy in PSFs at various wavelengths

def miri_psfs_for_ee():
    miri = webbpsf.MIRI()

    opdname = miri.pupilopd

    for i in range(10):
        miri.pupilopd = (opdname,i)
        for wave in [5.0, 7.5, 10, 14]:

            fov=18

            outname = "PSF_MIRI_%.1fum_wfe%d.fits" % (wave, i)
            psf = miri.calc_psf(outname, monochromatic=wave*1e-6,
                    oversample=4, fov_arcsec=fov, display=True)



def plot_ee_curves():
    plt.clf()
    for iw, wave in enumerate([5.0, 7.5, 10, 14]):

        ees60 = []
        ees51 = []
        ax = plt.subplot(2,2,iw+1)
        for i in range(10):
            name = "PSF_MIRI_%.1fum_wfe%d.fits" % (wave, i)
            webbpsf.display_ee(name, ax=ax, mark_levels=False)

            eefn = webbpsf.measure_ee(name)
            ees60.append(eefn(0.60))
            ees51.append(eefn(0.51))

        ax.text(1, 0.6, 'Mean EE inside 0.60": %.3f' % np.asarray(ees60).mean())
        ax.text(1, 0.5, 'Mean EE inside 0.51": %.3f' % np.asarray(ees51).mean())

        ax.set_title("Wavelength = %.1f $\mu$m" % wave)

        ax.axvline(0.6, ls=":", color='k')
        ax.axvline(0.51, ls=":", color='k')


    plt.tight_layout()

Simulate coronagraphy with pupil shear, saving the wavefront intensity in the Lyot pupil plane

This is an example of a much more complicated calculation, including code to generate publication-quality plots.

There are two functions here, one that creates a simulated PSF for a given amount of shear, and one that makes some nice plots of it.

def miri_psf_sheared(shearx=0, sheary=0, nopds = 1, display=True, overwrite=False, \*\*kwargs):
    """ Compute MIRI coronagraphic PSFs assuming pupil shear between the MIRI lyot mask and the OTE

    Parameters
    ------------
    shearx, sheary: float
        Shear across the pupil expressed in percent,
        i.e. shearx=3 means the coronagraph pupil is sheared by 3% of the primary.

    """
    miri = webbpsf.MIRI()

    miri.options['pupil_shift_x'] = shearx/100 # convert shear amount to float between 0-1
    miri.options['pupil_shift_y'] = sheary/100

    opdname = miri.pupilopd         # save default OPD name for use in iterating over slices

    filtsets = [('F1065C', 'FQPM1065', 'MASKFQPM'), ('F2300C','LYOT2300','MASKLYOT')]

    fov=10

    for i in range(nopds):
        miri.pupilopd = (opdname,i)
        for filt, im_mask, pup_mask in filtsets:
            print("Now computing OPD %d for %s, %s, %s" % (i, filt, im_mask, pup_mask))
            miri.filter=filt
            miri.image_mask = im_mask
            miri.pupil_mask = pup_mask


            outname = "PSF_MIRI_%s_wfe%d_shx%.1f_shy%.1f.fits" % (filt, i, shearx, sheary)
            outname_lyot = outname.replace("PSF_", 'LYOTPLANE_')


            if os.path.exists(outname) and not overwrite:
                print ("File %s already exists. Skipping and continuing for now... "
                       " Set overwrite=True to recalculate" % outname)
                return

            psf, intermediates = miri.calc_psf(oversample=4, fov_arcsec=fov,
                    display=display, return_intermediates=True, \*\*kwargs)

            lyot_intensity = intermediates[4]

            psf.writeto(outname, clobber=True)
            lyot_intensity.writeto(outname_lyot, clobber=True, includepadding=False)


def plot_sheared_psf(shearx=1.0, sheary=0, lyotmax=1e-5, psfmax = 1e-3, diffmax=10):
    i = 0
    filtsets = [('F1065C', 'FQPM1065', 'MASKFQPM')]#, ('F2300C','LYOT2300','MASKLYOT')]

    plt.clf()
    plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.02, right=0.98, wspace=0.3)
    for filt, im_mask, pup_mask in filtsets:
        perfectname = "PSF_MIRI_%s_wfe%d_shx%.1f_shy%.1f.fits" % (filt, i, 0,0)
        perfectname_lyot = perfectname.replace("PSF_", 'LYOTPLANE_')


        outname = "PSF_MIRI_%s_wfe%d_shx%.1f_shy%.1f.fits" % (filt, i, shearx, sheary)
        outname_lyot = outname.replace("PSF_", 'LYOTPLANE_')

        if not os.path.exists(outname):
            print "File %s does not exist, skipping" % outname
            return False


        #psf = pyfits.open(outname)
        #perfpsf = pyfits.open(perfectname)
        lyot = pyfits.open(outname_lyot)
        perflyot = pyfits.open(perfectname_lyot)

        wzero = np.where(lyot[0].data == 0)
        wzero = np.where(lyot[0].data < 1e-15)
        lyot[0].data[wzero] = np.nan
        wzero = np.where(perflyot[0].data == 0)
        perflyot[0].data[wzero] = np.nan

        cmap = matplotlib.cm.jet
        cmap.set_bad('gray')



        # plot comparison perfect case Lyot Intensity
        ax = plt.subplot(231)
        plt.imshow(perflyot[0].data, vmin=0, vmax=lyotmax, cmap=cmap)
        plt.title("Lyot plane, no shear")
        ax.yaxis.set_ticklabels("")
        ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels("")

        wg = np.where(np.isfinite(perflyot[0].data))
        ax.set_xlabel("Residual flux = %.1f%%" % (perflyot[0].data[wg].sum()*100))

        # plot shifted pupil Lyot intensity
        ax = plt.subplot(234)
        plt.imshow(lyot[0].data, vmin=0, vmax=lyotmax, cmap=cmap)
        plt.title("Lyot plane, shear (%.1f, %.1f)" % (shearx, sheary))
        ax.yaxis.set_ticklabels("")
        ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels("")
        wg = np.where(np.isfinite(lyot[0].data))
        ax.set_xlabel("Residual flux = %.1f%%" % (lyot[0].data[wg].sum()*100))



        # Radial profile plot
        plt.subplot(233)

        radius, profperf = webbpsf.radial_profile(perfectname, ext=1)
        radius2, profshear = webbpsf.radial_profile(outname, ext=1)

        # normalize all radial profiles to peak=1 for an unocculted source
        radiusu, profunocc = webbpsf.radial_profile('PSF_MIRI_F1065C_wfe0_noshear_unocculted.fits',
            ext=1, center=(43.3, 68.6)) # center is in pixel coords

        peakunocc = profunocc.max()
        profperf /= peakunocc
        profshear/= peakunocc
        profunocc/= peakunocc


        plt.semilogy(radius, profperf, label="No shear")
        plt.semilogy(radius2, profshear, label="shear (%.1f, %.1f)" % (shearx, sheary))
        plt.semilogy(radiusu, profunocc, label="Unocculted", ls=":" )


        plt.xlabel("Separation [arcsec]")
        plt.ylabel("Relative Intensity")
        plt.legend(loc='upper right')
        plt.gca().set_xlim(0,6)


        # plot comparison perfect case PSF - detector sampled
        plt.subplot(232)
        webbpsf.display_psf(perfectname, ext=1, vmax=psfmax)
        plt.title("PSF, no shear")

        # plot shifted pupil PSF - detector sampled
        plt.subplot(235)
        webbpsf.display_psf(outname, ext=1, vmax=psfmax)
        plt.title("PSF, shear (%.1f, %1.f)" % (shearx, sheary))
        plt.xlabel("Separation [arcsec]")
        # difference PSf
        plt.subplot(236)
        webbpsf.display_psf_difference(outname, perfectname, ext1=1,
            ext2=1, vmax=diffmax, vmin=-0.1, normalize_to_second=True)
        plt.title('Relative PSF increase')
        plt.xlabel("Separation [arcsec]")


        return True